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Omar H. Kasule The Islamic Input into the Medical Curriculum (IIMC) has become a reality in several medical schools over the past decade. The Kulliyah of Medicine of International Islamic University Malaysia taught medicine with embedded Islamic values was taught at Kuantan from July 1997 to date. IIMC involved integrating Islamic values and Law in the teaching and practice of medicine. At the Institute of Medicine, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, the Islamic perspective of medicine (Islamic Medicine) has been an integral part of the curriculum since August 2005 until now with IIMC being taught under the theme of Personal and Professional Development (PPD).
IIMC in various forms was adopted by other medical schools at various universities such as the Universiti Sains Islam, Malaysia, Riphah International University Islamabad, Peshawar Medical College, and the 14 schools that are members of FOKI (Forum Kedokteran Islam Indonesia). IIMC is based on 3 assumptions: (a) that Islam has moral values that are universal and, being found in other religions and belief systems, can be taught to and be appreciated equally well by Muslim and non-Muslim students;. (b) a physician must understand Islamic Law relating to medicine, fiqh tibbi, in order to practice successfully in a Muslim community whose culture and social norms are shaped by the shari’at that is a comprehensive code affecting all aspects of the life of the individual and the community; and (c) a successful physician must be equipped with personal, communication, leadership, and management skills based on Islamic teachings and empirical social and managerial sciences. IIMC teaches the Islamic epistemological perspective of basic medical sciences so that students can appreciate the signs of the Creator, ayat al allah, from the book of empirical scientific observation, kitaab al kawn, alongside appreciating the signs of the Creator from the book of revelation, kitaab al wahy. IIMC in the clinical phase teaches students to help patients solve practical problems related to ablution, wudhu, prayer, solat, fasting, puasa, pilgrimage, hajj & umrah; and what is permitted, halal, as medicine, physical activities, nutrition, and other activities of daily living. IIMC uses the theory of the purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at, principles of the Law, qawa’id al shari’at, specific legal rulings from the Qur’an and sunnat, and comparing with European ethico-legal sources as bases for discussing medical ethico-legal issues such as autonomy, privacy & confidentiality, professionalism, animal and human research, resource allocation, end of life issues, and medical malpractice. Also covered are issues that arise out of modern medical technology such as assisted reproduction, genetic testing, and transplantation. An emphasis is made on a holistic and balanced approach to medicine by reference to Prophetic medicine, tibb nabawi, and traditional / complementary medical systems such as unani, ayurdevic, and Chinese medicine. The futuristic vision of IIMC is that Islamic medical practice will in the next 20 years grow and reach or even the exceed the achievements of Islamic banking. The Islamic hospitals and clinics that will be established will need medical professionals trained to practice medicine according to the Qur’an, sunnat, and the purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at. OUTLINE THEME ONE: ASAASIYYAAT, FUNDAMENTALS SUB-THEME I: ‘AQIIDAT (Creed) MODULE 1.0: USUUL AL DDIIN 1.1 Islam, Iman, & Ihsan 1.2 Tauhid 1.3 Risaalat 1.4 Aakhirat (eschatology) 1.5 Qadar MODULE 2.0: KHARQ al ‘AQIDAT (Violations of the Creed) 2.1 Ithm (sinning) 2.2 Jadal (purposeless argumentation) 2.3 Dhulm (transgression) 2.4 Kufr & Shirk 2.5 Milal (religions) SUB-THEME II: USUUL al SHARI’AT (Foundations of The Law) MODULE 3.0: SOURCES, PURPOSES, PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW 3.1 Over-view 3.2 Sources of the Law, masadir al shari’at 3.3 Purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at 3.4 Principles of the Law, qawa’id al shari’at 3.5 Regulations of the Law, dhawaabit al shari’at MODULE 4.0: LEGAL BOOKS, kutub al fiqh 4.1 Maliki books 4.2 Hanafi books 4.3 Shafe’e books 4.4 Hanbali books 4.5 Ja’afari books SUB-THEME III: al ‘IBAADAAT al JASADIYYAT (Physical Worship) MODULE 5.0: TAHARAT & SALAT 5.1 Taharat 5.2 Rulings of salat, ahkaam al salat 5.3 Physical Acts of salat 5.4 Special Types of salat 5.5 Salat in difficult circumstances, salaat ahl al a’adhaar MODULE 6.0: PHYSICAL ‘IBADAT 6.1 Saum 6.2 Zakat 6.3 Hajj 6.4 Tilaawat al Qur’an 6.5 Jihad SUB-THEME IV: ‘ILM & MA’ARIFAT (Knowledge) MODULE 7.0: THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE, nadhariyyat al ma’arifat 7.1 Philosophy of Knowledge, falsafat al ma’arifa’at 7.2 Methodology of Knowledge, manhajiyat al ma’arifat 7.3 Qur’anic Scientific Culture, tarbiyat ‘ilmiyyat qur’aniyyat 7.4 Classical Islamic Sciences, al ‘uluum al islamiyyat al taqliidiyyat 7.5 Islamization: Solution of the Knowledge Crisis, al aslamat hall azmat al ma’arifat MODULE 8.0: REFORM OF KNOWLEDGE, islaah al ma’arifat 8.1 Reform of Education, islaah al tarbiyah 8.2 Reform of Life and Health Sciences 8.3 Reform of Physical Sciences 8.4 Reform of Social Sciences and the Humanities 8.5 Reform of the Arts THEME TWO: FIQH AL TAARIKH, CIVILIZATION: Past, Present, & Future SUB-THEME V: KHALQ (Creation / cosmogony) MODULE 9.0: KHALQ AL KAWN (creation of the universe) 9.1 Nature, tabi’at al kaun 9.2 The Ultimate Questions, al as ilat al nihaa iyyat 9.3 Signs of Allah In The Universe, aayaat al llaah fi al kawn 9.4 Allah’s Will, iraadat al allah 9.5 Order, Change and Permanence MODULE 10.0: KHALQ AL INSAN (Creation of the human) 10.1 Creation of the Human Being, Khalq Al Insan 10.2 Nature of the Human, Tabi'at Al Insaan 10.3 Superiority of Humans, Afdhaliyyat Al Insaan 10.4 Mission of Humans on Earth, Risalat Al Insan Fi Al Ardh 10.5 Diversity of Humans, Tafaawut Al Bashar SUB-THEME VI: TAARIIKH al UMAM (World History) [1.3 MB, 193 pp] MODULE 11.0: START OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION 11.1 Khilafat 11.2 Taskhiir 11.3 ‘Imarat al ardh I: Rise and Fall of Civilizations 11.4 ‘Imarat al ardh II: Early Agricultural Civilizations 11.5 ‘Imarat al ardh III: Pre-Islamic Arabia MODULE 12.0: CYCLE OF CIVILIZATIONS, dawrat al hadhaaraat 12.1 Regional Powers 12.2 The Roman Empire, al dawlat al ruumaniyyat 12.3 West European Empire, al dawlat al uuribiyyat al gharbiyyat 12.4 Russian Empire, al dawlat al ruusiyyat 12.5 The American Empire, al dawlat al aamirikiyyat SUB-THEME VII: TAARIIKH al UMMAT (Muslim History) [0.45 MB, 89pp] MODULE 13.0: THE GOLDEN ERA, ‘ahad al risaalat & ‘ahad al khilafat 13.1 Era of Prophethood, ‘ahad al nubuwwat 13.2 Era of Abubakar, ‘ahad al khaliifat abubakar 13.3 Era of Omar, ‘ahad al khaliifat ‘omar 13.4 Era of Othman, ‘ahad al khaliiifat othman 13.5 Era of Ali, ‘ahad al khaliifat ‘ali MODULE 14.0: ERA OF DYNASTIES, ‘ahad al muluuk 14.1 Era of The Umayyads, al ‘ahad al umawiy 14.2 Era Of Abassids, al ‘ahad al ‘abbaasi 14.3 Era Of Othmanis, al ‘ahad al othmani 14.4 The Peripheries, al atraaf 14.5 Achievements of Muslim Civilization, injaazaat al hadharat al islamiyyat SUB-THEME VIII: AL TAJDID & AL ISLAH (renewal and reform) MODULE 15.0: CHALLENGES OF RENEWAL, tahaddiyaat al tajdiid 15.1 Internal Challenges, al tahaddiyaat al ddaakhilyyat 15.2 External Challenges, al tajadiyaat al khaarijiyyat 15.3 Past Revival Movements, Tajdiid, harakaat al tajdiid al saabiqat 15.4 Contemporary Reform Movements, harakaat al tajdiid al mu’asirat 15.5 Present Status of The Ummah, haadhir al ummat MODULE 16.0: INSTITUTIONS OF REFORM, muassassaat al islaah 16.1 The State Constitution, al ahkaam al sultaniyyat 16.2 The Economic system, al nidhaam al maali 16.3 The Education system, nidhaam al tarbiyat & ta’aliim 16.4 The Social system, al nidhaam al ijtima’e 16.5 International relations, al siyar THEME THREE: FIQH AL ULUUM AL TIBIYAT, BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES: : Signs of Allah in the human organism SUB-THEME IX: ‘ILM al HAYAAT (The Biology of Life) [0.92 MB, 141pp] MODULE 17.0: LIFE and HEALTH, al hayat wa al sihhat 17.1 Life, hayaat 17.2 Death, mamaat 17.3 Health, sihhat & ‘aafiyat 17.4 Disease, maradh 17.5 Treatment of Disease, tatbiib MODULE 18.0: GROWTH AND SENESCENCE, numuw wa al shaykhuukhat 18.1 Intrauterine period 18.2 Infancy and Childhood 18.3 Youth 18.4 Middle Age 18.5 Old Age SUB-THEME X: JISM al INSAN (The Organism: Structure & Function) MODULE 19.0: THE BIOLOGICAL MIRACLE, mu’ujizat al jism al insani 19.1 Perfection, Optimality, Incomparability 19.2 Control 19.3 Homeostasis, ‘I’itidal 19.4 Interaction with the Environment 19.5 Pathological Processes: Repair & Restoration Of Equilibrium MODULE 20.0: HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS 20.1 Alimentary system, ma idat 20.2 Locomotor Systems and Protective Systems, harakat al jism wa himayatuhu 20.3 Genito-urinary and cardio-respiratory systems, al qalb & tanaffus 20.4 Sensory system, al hawaas 20.5 Nervous Systems, al jihaaz al ‘asabi SUB-THEME XI: ‘AADAAT al MA’ISHAT (Activities of Life) MODULE 21.0 REPRODUCTION, izdiyaad 21.1 Menstruation, al haidh 21.2 Human Sexuality, shahwat al jins 21.3 Pregnancy, al haml 21.4 Delivery, wadhau al haml 21.5 Breast-Feeding, ridha’a MODULE 22.0 ACTIVITIES OF NORMAL LIVING, ‘aadaat al ma’ishat 22.1 Hygiene, al nadhaafat 22.2 Foods, at 'Imat 22.3 Drinks, ashribat 22.4 Activity, nashaat 22.5 Sleep and Rest, nawm & raahat THEME FOUR: FIQH AL TIBAABAT, CLINICAL SCIENCES SUB-THEME XI: AKHLAAQ al TIBB (Ethics of Medicine) [1.0 MB, 202pp] MODULE 23.0: PURPOSES, PRINCIPLES, and REGULATIONS OF MEDICINE 23.1 Purposes and Principles of Medicine 23.2 Regulations of Medical Procedures, dhawaabit al tatbiib 23.3 Regulations of Research Procedures, dhawaabit al bahath 23.4 Regulations of Physician Conduct, dhawaabit al tabiib 23.5 Regulations about Professional Misconduct, dhawaabit al inhiraaf al mihani MODULE 24.0: ETIQUETTE OF THE PHYSICIAN, adab al tabiib 24.1 Etiquette with Patients and Families 24.2 Etiquette with the Dying 24.3 Etiquette with the Health Care Team 24.4 Etiquette of Research on Animals 24.5 Etiquette of Research on Humans SUB-THEME XIII: FIQH AL AMRAADH (Disease Conditions) MODULE 27.0 CONDITIONS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS 27.1 Uro-Genital System, jihaaz bawli & jihaaz tanaasuli 27.2 Cardio-Respiratory System, qalb & jihaaz al tanaffus 27.3 Connective Tissue System, 27.4 Alimentary System, jihaaz al ma idat 27.5 Sensory Systems, al hawaas MODULE 28.0 OTHER DISEASE CONDITIONS 28.1 Patho-physiological Disturbances 28.2 General Systemic Conditions 28.3 Psychiatric conditions, amraadh nafsiyyat 28.4 Neurological conditions, amraadh al a’asaab 28.5 Age-Related Conditions, amraadh al ‘umr SUB-THEME XIV: FIQH MUSTAJIDDAAT al TIBB (Modern Medicine) MODULE 29: REPRODUCTIVE & GENETIC TECHNOLOGY 29.1 Assisted Reproduction, taqniyat al injaab 29.2 Contraception, mani’u al haml 29.3 Reproductive Cloning, al istinsaakh 29.4 Abortion, isqaat al haml 29.5 Other Technologies MODULE 30.0: MEDICAL and SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES 30.1 Artificial Life Support, ajhizat al in’aash 30.2 Euthanasia, qatl al rahmat 30.3 Solid Organ Transplantation, naql al a’adha 30.4 Stem Cell Transplantation, naql al khalaayat 30.5 Change of Fitra, taghyiir al fitrat THEME FIVE: AL JAMA’AT, THE COMMUNITY SUB-THEME XV: ARKAAN al JAMA’AT (Pillars of the Community) [0.85 MB, 144 pp] MODULE 31.0: THE FAMILY INSTITUTION, al bayt 31.1 Gender 31.2 Family as a Natural Social Unit 31.3 Marriage 31.4 Parents and Relatives 31.5 Children MODULE 32.0: COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS, muassasaat al jama’at 32.1 Masjid 32.2 Ukhuwwat 32.3 Takaful 32.4 Shuura 32.5 Maal SUB-THEME XVI: HUMUUM al JAMA’AT (Community Concerns) MODULE 33.0: COMMUNITY PROBLEMS, mashaakil al jama’at 33.1 Life-Style 33.2 Sexual Perversions 33.3 Addiction 33.4 Poverty 33.5 Violence MODULE 34.0: COMMUNITY ACTION, al ‘amal al ijtima’e 34.1 Dawa 34.2 Enjoining the good and forbidding the bad, amr & nahy 34.3 Social change, taghyiir ijtima’e 34.4 Professional and Occupational Organizations 34.5 Social Welfare and Disaster Relief Organizations SUB-THEME XVII: FIQH al MU’AMALAAT MODULE 35.0: CIVIL TRANSACTIONS, mu’amalaat madaniyyat 35.1 Marriage, fiqh al munakahaat 35.2 Divorce & annulment, fiqh al talaaq & fasakh 35.3 Inheritance, fiqh al mawariith 35.4 Agency, wakalah 35.5 Competitions, sibaaq MODULE 36.0: FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS, mu’amalaat maaliyyat 36.1 Sales, buyuu’u 36.1 Personal Loans, Quruudh 36.2 Investments 36.4 Endowments & gifts, awqaaf & hibat 36.5 Other transactions MODULE 37.0: JUDICIAL TRANSACTIONS, mu’amalaat qadha’iyyat 37.1 Crimes Jinaayaat 37.2 Legal Competence, ahliyyat 37.3 Etiquette of the Judge, adab al qadhi 37.4 Pleas & Evidence, da'wa & shahadat 37.5 Judgment, Conviction, and Punishment, qadha & ‘uquubat MODULE 38.0: LEGAL MEDICINE, tibb shara’e 38.1 Medical Certification 38.2 Forensic Medicine 38.3 Medical Malpractice 38.4 Pharmacuticals 38.5 Medical Equipment THEME SIX: FIQH AL QIYADAT, LEADERSHIP SUB-THEME XVIII: al TAKWIIN al ASAASI (Basic Formation) [1.1 MB, 168 pp] MODULE 39.0: BASIC ISLAMIC EDUCATION 39.1 The Study Circle 39.2 Qur’an Study 39.3 Hadith Study 39.4 Ma’athuurat Study 39.5 Fiqh Study MODULE 40.0: DEVELOPMENT 40.1 ‘Ubudiyyat 40.2 Tazkiyat al nafs 40.3 Intellectual Development 40.4 Social Development 40.5 Skill Development SUB-THEME XIX: QIYADAT (Leadership) [1.1 MB, 212 pp] MODULE 41.0: LEADERSHIP SKILLS, mahaaraat al qiyadat 41.1 Leadership: Basic Characteristics, sifaat al qiyadat 41.2 Attributes and functions of leaders, sifaat wa masuliyaat al qaid 41.3 Disease of Leaders and Followers, amraadh al qiyaadat 41.4 Communication in leadership, fan al ittisaal fi al qiyaadat 41.5 Negotiation in leadership, fan al hiwaar fi al qiyadat MODULE 42: MODEL LEADERS 42.1 The Prophet 42.2 Righteous Khulafa 42.3 Political and Military Leaders 42.4 Social Role Models 42.5 Scholars and Reformers SUB-THEME XX: IDAARAT (Management) [0.87 MB, 212pp] MODULE 43.0: MANAGEMENT SKILLS, mahaaraat al qiyaadat 43.1 Principles and Concepts of Management, 43.2 Strategy, al istratiijiyat 43.3 Planning and implementation, takhtiit wa tanfiidh al masharii’e 43.4 Control and Evaluation, al muraaqabat wa al taqwiim 43.5 Decision-making and problem-solving, al qaraaraat wa al mashaakil MODULE 44.0: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 44.1 Time Management, idaarat al waqt 44.2 Financial Management, idaaral maal 44.3 Information Management, idaarat al ma’alumat 44.4 Organizational Management, idaarat al munadhamat 44.5 Personnel Management, idaarat al bashar Presented at Azhar University Jakarta on 3rd April 2009 by Professor Dr Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) EM:
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